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Azerbaijan Medical Journal

(ISSN: 0005-2523)

Azerbaijan medical journal (ISSN: 0005-2523) - is a scopus indexed journal since 1961. The publisher of the journal is Izdatel'stvo Elm by WHO Office in Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan medical journal (AMJ) is also UGC approved. The journal publishes general medicine, health science, psychological, pharmaceutical journals and so on.

Aim and Scope

Azerbaijan Medical Journal

Azerbaijan Medical Journal (ISSN: 0005-2523) - is a peer-reviewed journal. The journal seeks to publish original research articles that are hypothetical and theoretical in its nature and that provide exploratory insights in the following fields but not limited to.

Anatomy Physiology Biochemistry Pharmacology Pathology Forensic medicine Microbiology Community Medicine Otorhinolaryngology Internal Medicine General Surgery Obstetrics and Gynecology Radiology Pulmonary Medicine Dermatology and Venereal diseases Infectious Diseases Anaesthesia Cancer research Neurosurgery Orthopedics Gastroenterology Neurology Nephrology Medical education Orthopaedics Paediatrics Reproduction Cardiology Diabetes Surgery Nursing Otolaryngology Dental Psychology Anesthesiology Dermatology Endocrinology Hepatology Urology Venereology Psychiatry Biotechnology Pharmacy ENT Pharmaceutical Chemistry Pharmaceutical Analysis Pharmaceutics Pulmonology Pharmacognosy Pharmaceutical Phatmaceutical Technology Biopharmaceutics Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics Industrial Pharmacy Drug Design Quality Assurance Drug Regulatory Affairs Phytochemistry Drug Delivery Systems Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Pharmaceutical Microbiology Hospital Pharmacy Clinical Pharmacy Pharmacy Practice Drug Discovery Drug Metabolism Toxicology Clinical Research Pharmacogenomics Phrmacoinformatics Pharmacovigilance< Life Sciences like Chemistry Biomedical Sciences Microbiology Immunology Forensic Epidemiology Oncology Biomedicine Dentistry Physiotherapy Gynaecology Dermatoepidemiology Neuroscience Ophthalmology Sexology Osteology Kinesiology Angiology/Vascular Medicine Critical care Medicine Haematology Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology Bariatrics Pharmacy and Nursing Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Radiobiology Clinical immunology Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy Cell Biology Genomics and Proteomics Healthcare Services Healthcare Management Bioinformatics and Biotechnology Geriatric Medicine

Latest Journals

Azerbaijan Medical Journal

“Association of Perineural Invasion with Depth of Invasion and Neck Node Metastases in patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Oral cavity.”
Journal ID : AMJ-12-07-2022-10302; Author : Dr Lucy Pattanayak1,Department of Radiation Oncology, Acharya Harihar Post Graduate Institute of Cancer, Cuttack, India;, Dr Manoj Kumar Dash2,Department of Community medicine, PRM Government Medical College, Baripada, Mayurbhanj, India;, Dr Paresh Kumar Behera3, Department of Head & Neck Oncology, Acharya Harihar Post Graduate Institute of Cancer, Cuttack, India;, Dr Abani Kanta Nanda1,Department of Radiation Oncology, Acharya Harihar Post Graduate Institute of Cancer, Cuttack, India;,
Abstract : The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of perineural invasion (PNI) with a depth of invasion (DOI) and neck node metastasis in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity. A total of 201 eligible patients with histopathologically confirmed SCC of the oral cavity were enrolled. Patients were analyzed in two arms, Arm A (PNI-positive) and Arm B (PNI-negative). The clinicopathological profile along with the association of DOI and neck node metastases with PNI were studied in both arms. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Among 201 patients, the majority were from carcinoma of the buccal mucosa (91,45.3%), followed by the oral tongue (59,29.4%). Histopathological evidence of PNI was present in 107 (53.2%), DOI of more than 4 mm was seen in 165 (82.1%), and less than or equal to 4 mm was seen in 36 (17.9%) patients. Out of 102 PNI-positive patients, 64 (62.7%) had positive neck node metastasis, whereas out of 89 PNI-negative patients, 39 (43.8%) had positive neck node metastasis. This association of PNI with neck node metastases was found to be significant (p = 0.013). Here, 10 patients had unknown nodal status. The association of PNI with DOI was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.00). Out of 165 patients with DOI greater than 4 mm, 101 (61.2%) were PNI positive, while out of 36 patients with DOI less than equal to 4 mm, only 6 (16.6%) were PNI positive. PNI was also found to be associated with lymphovascular space invasion (p = 0.00) or extracapsular extension (p = 0.001) and was statistically significant. The presence of PNI in oral cavity cancers is found to be strongly associated with DOI and neck node metastases, suggesting that the presence of PNI implies tumor biology aggressiveness.
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Prevalence and pattern of congenital coronary artery anomalies in adults undergoing coronary angiography at a Tertiary care centre
Journal ID : AMJ-11-07-2022-10301; Author : SUSHEEL KUMAR MALANI, PRASHANT KASHYAP, DIGVIJAY NALAWADE,
Abstract : To study the clinical profile, incidence, and pattern of congenital coronary artery anomalies (CAAs) in adults undergoing coronary angiography. Coronary angiogram of 3600 patients done between September 2017 and September 2021 were reviewed for the presence of CAAs. Angiography data of 3600 patients done between September 2017 to September 2021 was reviewed in the present study and 88 patients were found to have CAAs giving a prevalence of 2.44%. Mean age of patients was found to be 56.86±11.49 years (range 24-75 years). Among these, the anomalous origin and course of the coronaries were the most common anomaly seen in 73 (2.02%) patients, followed by intrinsic anomalies of the coronary arterial system in 13 (0.36%) patients, followed by anomalous coronary termination in 01 patient (0.03%) and single coronary artery 01 patient (0.03%). Overall, the anomalous origin of the right coronary artery (RCA), with RCA arising from left coronary sinus was the most common anomaly seen in 23 patients (0.64%) followed by absence of the left main trunk with a separate origin of the left anterior descending (LAD) and left circumflex artery (LCX) seen in 20 (0.56%) patients. Posterior origin of RCA within right coronary sinus was seen in 13 (0.36%) patients. There were 6 cases of high origin of right coronary artery (RCA) (0.16%). There were 10 patients (0.28%) of LCX arising from right coronary sinus and 01 case of LMCA arising from right coronary sinus. Split RCA was seen in 09 (0.25%) patients whereas split LAD was seen only in 04 (0.11%) patients. Further, there was only 01 (0.03%) patient of anomalous coronary termination (RCA to right atrium fistula) and 01 (0.03%) patient of single coronary artery. The prevalence of congenital coronary anomalies in the study was found to be 2.44%. and commonest anomaly was that of origin and course of the vessels (88%). Though the prevalence of CAAs in this study was similar to that in previous studies, the pattern of anomalies was slightly different from previous studies.
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Study of thyroid profile in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: a cross sectional study
Journal ID : AMJ-11-07-2022-10300; Author : Vikas BR, Raghav GN, Shreyas Kumar,
Abstract : Chronic kidney diseases is associated with disorders of structure and functioning of thyroid gland. Metabolism and hormonal levels may vary in patients having chronic renal failure (CRF). The objective of the study is to analyse the biochemical abnormalities of thyroid function tests in CRF and to correlate its severity and alterations of thyroid indices. Blood samples were analysed from patients (N=152) for serum triiodothyronine (TT3), serum thyroxine (TT4), serum free triiodothyronine (FT3) serum free thyroxin (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Blood urea estimation was done using diacetyl monoxime (DAM) method and serum creatinine estimation by Modified Kinetic Jaffe method. Clinical examination and history was performed considering thyroid and renal diseases. Mean age of patients was 53.93 ± 9.91 years of which 115 (75.66%) were males and 37 (24.34%) were females. The mean value of TT3 in CRF stage 3, 4, 5 were 118.38±16.66, 111.26±23.13, 85.35±28.77 ng/mL respectively (p= < 0.00). The mean value of FT3 in CRF stage 3, 4, 5 were 2.84±0.43, 2.41±0.58, 2.07±0.66 pg/mL respectively (p=<0.01). The mean value of TT4 in CRF stage 3, 4, 5 were 1.22±0.17, 1.05±0.21, 0.96±0.27 respectively (p= < 0.001). The mean value of FT4 in CRF stage 3, 4, 5 were 1.19±0.00, 1.04±0.24, 0.98±0.24 pg/dL respectively (p= <0.001). TT3, TT4 and FT3 were found to decrease progressively as the stage of CRF increased. Thyroid hormone abnormalities could be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and kidney disease progression.
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A Comparison Between Effect of Metformin and Combination of Metformin plus Cinnamon on Levels of Blood Glucose in Patients suffer from Diabetes Mellitus Type Two
Journal ID : AMJ-08-07-2022-10298; Author : Qayssar Joudah Fadheel, Rana Talib Naser,
Abstract : Diabetes mellitus define as a collection of metabolic disorders recognized by elevated blood glucose levels over a long period. It's happens throughout the world, but commonly (diabetic from second type) in countries which are considered more developed. The greatest enhance in prevalence is happening in countries which are classified as middle and low income such as Asia and Africa. To assess effect of cinnamon on patients with diabetes mellitus in addition to it's complications and make a comparison between various patients responses who administering metformin in Babylon Governorate. The present study is a randomize prospected, clinical study. This study is carried out in Merjan Medical City, Medicinal Ward, and Malls. This work started at September 2021 at Babylon Governorate. There is reasonable indicator related to the wide spread of good devices for assessment of glucose level in blood. Regarding to the their keeping and standardization locally at regular time and clinical / biomedical engineering departments can almost give additional advice. Sample consist of 30 cases in Babylon Governorate was selected randomly. All the cases present in Merjan Medical City, Markets and Malls. Patient who taking metformin and cinnamon further reduction in blood glucose level more than patients who taking only metformin. According to the results showed that the using of cinnamon with metformin will contribute in the lowering of blood glucose level to a range best than range that can been get when using metformin.
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Imaging of Patients with Renal Stone—Application of Ultrasonography “Old Modality for a Contemporary Complaint”: Cross-Sectional Observational Study
Journal ID : AMJ-08-07-2022-10297; Author : Noor Abbas Hummadi Fayadh, Noor Kathem Nee’ma Al Waely, Abbas Jaafar Khaleel Al-Anbari,
Abstract : Imaging of renal calculi is crucial for selection of therapeutic options. Abdominal sonography and radiography are frequently indicated for stone detection with debatable indications. Study the superiority of KUB radiography or ultrasonography, as a single preliminary modality for detection of renal stone. I00 patients were selected (aged 47.9±13.1years, 76% were males) presented with renal colic. All are subjected to thorough history, abdominal radiograms, and ultrasonography. Those with ultrasonographic findings of urinary stone were enrolled, and classified according to stone size into groups of (<5.0mm), (5.0-10.0mm), and(>10.0mm). Mean patients age was 47.9±13.1years, with male predominance. Around 2/3rd of the stones were radiopaque. 43% of the stones were detected in the middle kidney pole, 31% in the ureter at different levels, 27% in the lower pole, and 16% of the stones had mixed locations. 3/4th of the cases had calcium oxalate type of stones. More than one stone revealed variable sides, locations, and types. Ultrasonography has a superior sensitivity over the KUB radiography in detecting urate and amorphous stones, besides some of the calcium, oxalate and phosphate stones. The small-sized and some of the moderate-sized stones were undetectable by the radiography, while all stone sizes can be detected by the ultrasounds. Compared with plain radiography, ultrasonography is an ultimate preliminary imaging modality for kidney stones. Adding innovative approaches can further expand the precision of stone analysis. KUB radiography in detecting small nephrolithiasis is of restricted value.
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Clinical Profile and Outcomes of Mucor Mycosis in COVID-19 Patients in a Tertiary Hospital in South India.
Journal ID : AMJ-08-07-2022-10296; Author : Vijayashree Thyagaraj, Tharuni Latha, Niveditha Alok Swamy, Ashwin Kulkarni, Balaji.V, Preetham, Medha.Y.Rao,
Abstract : India is amongst the worst hit countries by the SARS Corona Virus-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. There has been an alarming rise in incidence of COVID-19 associated Mucormycosis (CAM) in patients suffering from co-morbidities. The present study aimed at studying the epidemiology, clinical features, and outcomes of CAM patients. This is a retrospective study conducted in tertiary care hospital in South India from May 2021 to July 2021. Patients who were admitted with COVID-19 infection and had Mucomycosis were included in the study. The epidemiology, clinical features and outcomes of these patients were studied. Twenty-two patients of CAM were included in the study. There was a male preponderance with the male to female ratio being 1:4.5. Diabetes was the most common comorbidity (n=15; 68.18%). Majority of the patients (n=21; 95.46 %) had suffered from moderate to severe covid illness. Invasive fungal sinusitis was the most common (n=14; 63.64%) radiological finding. Most patients (n=20; 90.9%) had received steroids as part of treatment for covid 19 illness. Patients were managed with the combination of both medical and surgical treatment and 18 patients underwent (81.81%) surgical procedure. Nineteen patients (n=19; 82%) recovered after treatment. COVID-19 associated Mucor mycosis has a worse prognosis when accompanied with poor glycemic control, severe COVID-19 illness, and anatomical extent of fungal infection.
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Prosopis fracta extract mitigating effect on testicular toxicity of gentamicin
Journal ID : AMJ-07-07-2022-10295; Author : Tuqa Yousif Sharef, Lana Sardar Saleh, Zahra Abdulqader Amin, Sima Ahmad Najmaddin,
Abstract : Gentamicin one of Aminoglycoside antibiotics which is worldwide used to treat different microbial infection. Gentamicin cause various side effect in the recipient specially nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity as its reported by many studies. This drug causes higher damage in testicular tissues. The Prosopis fracta (PF) is a plant which has been used since ancient times as a type of traditional healing medicine in many parts of the world. The objective of this study include searching for the effectiveness of this plant in protection and / or ability of it in reduce the toxic effect of gentamicin in testicular tissues. The study performed on twenty-four Wistar male rats, weighing 200-250 gm. These rats divided into four groups: control group which kept on normal saline; group I provide gentamicin 100mg/kg, group II Low PF Dose (LPcD) which provide with same dose of gentamicin plus 100mg/kg of Prosopis fracta extract and group III High PF Dose (HPcD) which provide with same dose of gentamicin plus 200mg/kg of Prosopis fracta extract. After 10 days of the study all animals sacrificed and the testicular tissues blocks which prepared by paraffin method studded using H&E stain and immunohistochemical stain using Bcl-2 antibody. Gentamicin group G1 showed highly histopathological change including hyperplasia of leyding cells, necrosis of sertoli and spermatogenic cells, pykonotic nucleus of spermatogenic cells, deposition of acidophilic materials between tubules and necrosis of seminal tubules, congestion of blood vessels and increase thickness of tunica albuginea. In addition to that, this group showed strong positive reaction with the Blc-2 antibodies comparing with the control group. The third group G2 (LPcD) which provided with low dose of Prosopis fracta extract showed deposition of acidophilic materials, hyperplasia of Leydig cells, vacuolar degenerating in spermatogenic cells with little increasing in tunica albuginea thicknesses. The Blc-2 antibodies reaction showed weak positive result. The last group of the study G3 (HPcD) showed less histopathological changes and the group result of Bcl-2 reaction reveal to weak positive. The study confirms the histological toxicity of Gentamicin in testicular tissue and the positive result of Blc-2 ab reveal the ability of this drug in causing hyperplasia, pre tumor and apoptosis in testicular cells also the study elucidated the Prosopis fracta extract role in protection and curtailing of gentamicin toxicity effect in testicular tissue.
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Effectiveness of Violence Management Program on Knowledge and Attitudes of Primary School Teachers Regarding School Violence
Journal ID : AMJ-07-07-2022-10293; Author : Ameer Salah-Aldeen Abdulrazaq, Saja Hashim Mohammed,
Abstract : There is nothing more fulfilling than seeing a child healthy and happy. Every child has the right to be protected from all forms of abuse, discrimination and exploitation, and the right to protection is the right to live in a safe and protected environment that preserves the well-being of the child. The aim of present study to determine the effectiveness of the educational program on teachers' knowledge and attitudes toward school violence and find out the relationship between teachers' knowledge and attitudes with regard to demographic characteristics. A quasi-experimental design was implemented through the current study with the application of pre-program testing, and post-program testing for the study group from September 15, 2020 to May 10, 2022. The researcher created the program and tools to reach the study objectives. A purposeful, non-probability sample of (80) primary teachers was selected so that the data are representative and accurate. The sample size (80) teachers divided into two groups. The selected teachers were equally distributed to two groups (study and control) (40) participants per group. During the study group, the educational program dealing with school violence presented online was shown. The program was not shown to the control group at all. The effectiveness of the management program is measured using a knowledge test that includes (31) items. (15) items knowledge regarding the causes of child violence, (16) items regarding signs that may alert that the child may exposed to violence. The results of the study indicated that the study group had poor knowledge regarding causes of violence, poor knowledge regarding the signs that may alert that the child may expose to violence, while there was an improvement in study group knowledge at the post-test about the causes of violence, also improvement in signs may alert that the child may expose to violence. The results of the study indicated that the study group had negative attitudes toward school violence while there was an improvement in their attitudes in the post-test after applying the program. The violence Management Program works to enhance teachers' knowledge regarding the causes and signs that may alert that the child may exposed to violence, as well as enhance their attitudes toward the phenomenon of school violence. There was an improvement in teachers' knowledge and attitudes after the study group exposed to an educational program related to violence management. While the control group did not show any improvement with regard to knowledge and attitudes of school violence in pre and posttest. High teachers’ education level effect on their knowledge positively; Age, marital status, and educational level affected their attitudes toward school violence.
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Detection of histological changes Invivo in mice infected with Entamoeba histolytica and treated with Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles
Journal ID : AMJ-07-07-2022-10292; Author : Lima Tariq Yoash Lazar, Shihab Ahmed Al-Juboury, Mohammed Nadhir Maaroof,
Abstract : The present study included microscopic and molecular diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica in the stool samples of patients attended to Al Alawia Teaching Hospital and Central Child Teaching Hospital in Baghdad Governorate, Iraq for the period from 1st October 2020 to 1st August 2021. The fecal samples were examined microscopically by a direct wet mount then the fecal samples were molecularly examined using specific primers to detect four virulence factors possessed by the parasite E. histolytica. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were synthesized from Pseudomonas aeruginosa which producing Pyocyanin pigment as a reducing agent to form Titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The biosynthetic titanium dioxide was characterized using several tests (XRD, scanning electron microscopy FE-SEM, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR, UV visible spectroscopy). Histological changes in mice infected with E. histolytica, microscopic examination revealed severe amoebic colitis, which was characterized by thickening of the mucous layer with epithelial sloughing and the appearance of small and multiple ulcers in mucous layer as well as bleeding and congestion. Trophozoites were also observed in the enlarged sections in the remnants of sloughed and necrotic mucosal and epithelial cells. Our results showed that treatment with biosynthesized Titanium dioxide nanoparticles has a significant role in restoring the normal appearance of colonic epithelial and mucous cell so this shows the effectiveness of this Nanomaterial as an antiparasitic in curing the genes responsible for parasite virulence factors and thus reducing pathogenicity.
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The Effect of Psycho-Educational Program on the Beliefs and Attitudes of Primary School Teachers toward Epilepsy in Children in Kirkuk city
Journal ID : AMJ-07-07-2022-10291; Author : Abbas Lateef Muhe-Aldeen, Dr. Saja H. Mohammed,
Abstract : Childhood epilepsy seems to be the most prevalent and long-lasting neurological disorder in children and it is associated with serious psychosocial issues, particularly when seizures occur at school, loss of school hours and possible effect of seizure itself on cognitive function. The aims of this study are to examine the effect of the Psycho-educational program on teachers’ beliefs and attitudes toward epilepsy in children. A quasi-experimental, descriptive study “self-controlled design” has been carried out at primary schools for teachers in Kirkuk City from the period 24th October 2020 to 30th May 2022. A non-probability “Purposive-Convenience sample” had been consisted of (80) primary schools teachers, (40) teachers for study group and (40) teachers for control group. Throughout the application of pre-test for both groups and post-test approach (post 1, and post- 2) and implementation of psycho-educational program only on (study group). The program and instruments are constructed and developed by the researcher to measure the purpose of the study. The majority of the studied group according to age group is between (40-49 years), most of studied sample was female, graduation from teachers preparing institution, most of studied subjects were married, having more than 16 years of experience as a school teacher, and most of studied subjects were from urban residency. All of them hadn't any participated previously in a training course about epilepsy. According to the study's findings, the most of primary school teachers hold negative attitudes and beliefs before implementation of the psycho-educational program; and significant improvements as a result of major changes in beliefs and attitudes levels after application of a psycho-educational program; with regard to post-test period, there was no significant relationship between teachers' beliefs and attitudes toward children with epilepsy and socio-demographic characteristics were chosen. The study recommends that psycho-educational program should be design on beliefs and attitudes for all teachers in governmental and non – governmental schools in Kirkuk governorate regarding epilepsy in children.
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