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Azerbaijan Medical Journal

(ISSN: 0005-2523)

Azerbaijan medical journal (ISSN: 0005-2523) - is a scopus indexed journal since 1961. The publisher of the journal is Izdatel'stvo Elm by WHO Office in Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan medical journal (AMJ) is also UGC approved. The journal publishes general medicine, health science, psychological, pharmaceutical journals and so on.

Aim and Scope

Azerbaijan Medical Journal

Azerbaijan Medical Journal (ISSN: 0005-2523) - is a peer-reviewed journal. The journal seeks to publish original research articles that are hypothetical and theoretical in its nature and that provide exploratory insights in the following fields but not limited to.

Anatomy Physiology Biochemistry Pharmacology Pathology Forensic medicine Microbiology Community Medicine Otorhinolaryngology Internal Medicine General Surgery Obstetrics and Gynecology Radiology Pulmonary Medicine Dermatology and Venereal diseases Infectious Diseases Anaesthesia Cancer research Neurosurgery Orthopedics Gastroenterology Neurology Nephrology Medical education Orthopaedics Paediatrics Reproduction Cardiology Diabetes Surgery Nursing Otolaryngology Dental Psychology Anesthesiology Dermatology Endocrinology Hepatology Urology Venereology Psychiatry Biotechnology Pharmacy ENT Pharmaceutical Chemistry Pharmaceutical Analysis Pharmaceutics Pulmonology Pharmacognosy Pharmaceutical Phatmaceutical Technology Biopharmaceutics Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics Industrial Pharmacy Drug Design Quality Assurance Drug Regulatory Affairs Phytochemistry Drug Delivery Systems Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Pharmaceutical Microbiology Hospital Pharmacy Clinical Pharmacy Pharmacy Practice Drug Discovery Drug Metabolism Toxicology Clinical Research Pharmacogenomics Phrmacoinformatics Pharmacovigilance< Life Sciences like Chemistry Biomedical Sciences Microbiology Immunology Forensic Epidemiology Oncology Biomedicine Dentistry Physiotherapy Gynaecology Dermatoepidemiology Neuroscience Ophthalmology Sexology Osteology Kinesiology Angiology/Vascular Medicine Critical care Medicine Haematology Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology Bariatrics Pharmacy and Nursing Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Radiobiology Clinical immunology Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy Cell Biology Genomics and Proteomics Healthcare Services Healthcare Management Bioinformatics and Biotechnology Geriatric Medicine

Latest Journals

Azerbaijan Medical Journal

STUDYING OF CATHEPSIN D ACTIVITY AND RELATIONSHIP WITH BIO-CLINICAL PARAMETERS IN HEART DISEASES
Journal ID : AMJ-21-06-2022-10267; Author : Rafad RS Mohammed,
Abstract : Cathepsins are the sarcoplasmic proteins which originates from the lysosomes, also known as the lysosomal protease. They have a significant role in the intracellular homeostasis like in the energy metabolism, immune response, intracellular protein dehydration and coagulation. Through this study we aim determine the association between Cathepsin D (CATHD) activity and the parameters which leads to cardiovascular diseases. Multiple parameters which are linked with the heart diseases were examined in the study. The following factors included, total cholesterol (TC), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Creatine kinase (CK), Triglyceride (TG), Very low density lipoprotein (vLDL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), arylesterase and cathepsin D (CATHD). A positive correlation between the TGs and atherosclerosis was observed. In addition to it, atherosclerosis was found to be linked with elevated levels of, Total cholesterol, LDL and VLDL. While in case of cardiac diseases, elevated levels of ALT, CK, CATHD and LDH were seen.in the healthy individuals the levels of CATHD were more in females as compared to males, and more in nonsmokers as compared to smokers.
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THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE IN MODULATING INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS
Journal ID : AMJ-21-06-2022-10266; Author : Rawaa J. Ahmed, Zeina A. Althanoon,
Abstract : Rheumatoid arthritis is represented as a healthcare challenge in the hospital setting due to their stubborn response to therapy and the unavailability of curable agents. The conventional therapy (methotrexate, (MTX) and prednisolone) was claimed to be associated with a high failure rate; therefore the addition of a third agent could be a wise approach to improve patients' daily activity and reduce the inflammation. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to add hydroxychloroquine as an add-on therapy to conventional therapy and investigate its role in modulating inflammatory markers {Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukins (serum IL-1β, serum IL-6β), serum Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)} compared to control group using conventional therapy alone without hydroxychloroquine. The results confirmed that the measured parameters improved in the tested group versus control represented by highly significant improvement in group I in inflammatory markers ESR, CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α as compared with group II and group III, hydroxychloroquine improved inflammatory markers when added as an add on therapy to the conventional therapy of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Interleukin-37 and Interleukin-18 as Prognostic Biomarkers for End-Stage Renal Disease
Journal ID : AMJ-20-06-2022-10265; Author : Sondos Taleb Faris, Adnan Jassim Mohammed Al-Fartosy, Adil Ali Al-Fregi,
Abstract : Inflammatory cytokines like IL-18 and anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-37 are both involved in the etiology of ESRD and comorbidities including hypothyroidism. Despite the fact that Subclinical Hypothyroidism is common in people with chronic kidney disease, little is known regarding the clinical signs and implications of this ailment in patients with end-stage renal disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the role of Interlaken-18 (IL-18) and Interlaken 37 (IL-37) in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and to establish the prevalence of hypothyroidism (both subclinical and overt hypothyroidism) in patients with ESRD. In the study, 598 hemodialysis patients of both genders were included. This study included 104 male and female hemodialysis patients (82 with subclinical hypothyroidism and 22 with overt hypothyroidism) and 60 healthy people as a control group. All participants' venous blood was drawn in the morning while they were fasting (8 hours) and subjected to clinical evaluation and laboratory testing. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique was used to quantify serum IL-18 and IL-37 in all of the study participants. When compared to the control group, the prevalence of IL-18 and IL-37 was higher in Subclinical Hypothyroidism and overt hypothyroidism (p≤0.001). Early diagnosis of Subclinical Hypothyroidism, which was discovered in 23% of patients with ESRD, may reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and the progression of kidney disease, according to the study. In ESRD patients with hypothyroidism, blood levels of both IL-18 and IL-37 are significantly elevated. In overt hypothyroidism, serum IL-18 and IL-37 levels are higher than in subclinical hypothyroidism.
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Effect of endometrial scratching on embryo implantation outcomes
Journal ID : AMJ-19-06-2022-10264; Author : Bakhtiyarov Kamil, Evstratova Kristina,
Abstract : Modern and retrospective scientific literature on the issue of one of the additional interventions in in vitro fertilization was analyzed. There is an increase in infertility around the world, so many patients resort to assisted reproductive technologies. A history of unsuccessful in vitro fertilization occurs in 10-30% of women. The main goal in reproduction at the moment is to increase the likelihood of successful implantation of the embryo after transfer to the uterine cavity. Endometrial scratching is an additional procedure carried out in preparing a woman for in vitro fertilization. The reviewed studies have conflicting data. The issue of using scratches on the endometrium to increase the implantation capacity of the endometrium requires detailed study. This review summarizes the available data on the effectiveness of endometrial scratching.
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HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EFFECT IN EYE AND CALCIFICATION HYDROCEPHALUS OF BRAIN FETUSES OF WHITE ALBINO WISTAR RAT INFECTED WITH TOXOPLASMA GONDII ISOLATED FROM THE EMBRYO OF ABORTED SHEEP
Journal ID : AMJ-19-06-2022-10263; Author : Najwa Mahfoodh Ahmed, Liqaa Hussain Ali –AlDulaimi, Bushra H. Al_Niaeemi,
Abstract : The objective of this research was to determine the histopathological effects of a local strain of Toxoplasma Gondii isolated from fetuses of aborted ewes on the eyes and brains of rat fetuses. T. Gondii diagnosed in the fetuses of aborted ewes. Inject near 100 tissue sacs of Toxoplasma intraperitoneal into 20 pregnant rats in the first week of gestation. The cyst of T. Gondii and its influence on the rat's fetus eyes and brains were investigated histopathologically using light microscopy on their eyes and brains. On histopathological analysis of the eye tissue of parasite-infected rat fetuses, the result of the ocular cerebral toxoplasmosis model is seen. The presence of necrosis of the outer germinal layer and the inner layer in the newborn eye of the Toxoplasma infected group. The toxoplasma-infected group's brain reveals focal glial cell aggregation (Gliosis), vacuolar degeneration, severe cytogenic edema, liquefactive necrosis, and gliosis in the cortex of the cerebrum. rat's fetuses can be utilized as a model for congenital ocular cerebral toxoplasmosis, and they can also be used as a model for toxoplasmosis after 18 days of pregnancy, according to the findings of this study.
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Effect of esomeprazole on some liver enzymes in patients with peptic ulcer
Journal ID : AMJ-19-06-2022-10262; Author : Sarraa Dhiaa, Israa M J Al-Banaa,
Abstract :

Esomeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor (PPIs) successfully used to inhibit gastric acid secretion and treat peptic ulcers and other acid-related disorders. However, the studies of the effect of esomeprazole on liver enzymes are limited. This study aims to investigate the effect of esomeprazole on liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphates (ALP) in peptic ulcer patients. Twenty-nine omeprazole users and twenty-four health control were recruited from outpatient clinics. Serum levels of liver enzymes Alanine transferase (ALT), aspartate transferase (AST), and alkaline phosphates (ALP) were evaluated at least 2 months after the medication use. Serum levels of ALP (74.31± 19.63 U/L, P<0.0001) were significantly higher in esomeprazole users compared to non-users. While serum levels of ALT (16.07± 6.3 U/L, P=0.008) were significantly lower in esomeprazole users. Serum AST levels (18.86±6.4 U/L, p= 0.192) were not changed between the 2 groups. Whilst this study did not confirm the hepatotoxicity of esomeprazole on the liver, it could indicate that esomeprazole might affect the liver. Further research is required to determine whether esomeprazole is hepatotoxic or not.

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THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF L-CARNITINE AGAINST METHOTREXATE INDUCES HEPATIC TOXICITY IN MALE ALBINO RATS
Journal ID : AMJ-19-06-2022-10261; Author : Ahmad Shoab Karmoosh, Musab Mohammed Khalaf,
Abstract : Adverse drug reactions are increasingly challenging in medical settings; either due to their high doses or prolonged use or due to the pharmacodynamics nature of the medications. Methotrexate found applications for different ailments making their adverse effects common. It's worth trying to prevent or mitigate these adverse effects of methotrexate using available remedies if any. We aimed to reduce the hepatotoxic effects of methotrexate using L-carnitine compared to N-acetylcysteine as a positive control. To do so, a group of rats were exposed to methotrexate alone or in combination with L-carnitine or N-acetyl cysteine. Liver biochemical parameters and histological architecture were identified and compared with negative and positive groups. The results confirmed that L-carnitine and N-acetyl cysteine mitigated hepatic tissue injury confirmed by biochemical analysis of liver enzymes and histological study. The present study confirms the hepatoprotective effect of L-carnitine as a protective substance to reduce the adverse side effects of chemotherapeutic agents that cause oxidative tissue injury concomitant with inflammation.
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Vitamin E versus propolis as an add-on therapy to sitagliptin/metformin on uric acid level and renal function in type 2 diabetic patients
Journal ID : AMJ-17-06-2022-10253; Author : Sarraa Dhiaa, Imad A. Thanoon, Nabeel N. Fadhil,
Abstract : Nephropathy is one of the serious diabetic comorbid complications. Propolis has been used for the treatment of various illnesses due to its complex composition of various therapeutic constituents including antioxidant compounds which might help regenerate the pancreas or facilitate tissue glucose utilization or improve insulin action. The present study aimed to demonstrate a comparative renoprotective effect provided by vitamin E or propolis in the same diabetic patient sample on standard therapy of sitagliptin plus metformin therapy. To do so serum sample has been collected before (baseline) and after the addition of vitamin E (8 weeks) or propolis (8 weeks) to the patient therapy; the serum was frozen until analysis. The consecutive application of either vitamin E or propolis was carried out with a one-week washout period in-between both courses of therapy. The results demonstrate that propolis provides intensified renoprotection rate indicated by significantly (p<0.05) reducing the level of creatinine, uric acid, and urea alongside improved microalbuminuria. The study concluded that compared to vitamin E; propolis induced a positive effect on one of the major diabetic devastating complications, nephropathy. We do advise diabetic patients to add regular propolis doses to their standard therapy.
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The Potential Role of Polyol Pathway in the Development and Detection of Diabetic Nephropathy
Journal ID : AMJ-17-06-2022-10252; Author : Hend Ahmed Abass, Rayah Sulaiman Baban, Mahmood shaker Khudair,
Abstract : Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the major type of diabetes around the world with a diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common complication of this illness. Several pathways involving pro-inflammatory and polyol are activated through the course of T2DM. The current study aims to evaluate the role of sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), zinc, fructose and glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol high density lipoprotein binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1) in development of DN in T2DM Iraqi patients. This is a nested case control study, involved 122 patients with DN (72 patients with microalbuminuria (MA) and 50 patients with normoalbuminuria (NA)) and other age- and gender-matched 58 apparently healthy subjects. The SDH activity, fructose and Zn+2 concentration were determined using spectrophotometric assays, while enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure serum level of GPIHBP1. Other parameters including lipid profile, fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and renal function tests were measured with standard biochemical methods. The mean serum level of SDH activity in MA and NA was 22.26±9.91U/L and 26.39±10.58 U/L, respectively with no significant difference. However, both groups differed significantly from controls (48.39±24.43 U/L). Similarly, fructose level was comparable between MA and NA groups (6.1±1.5 mg/dl and 6.75±1.54 mg/dl, respectively) and significantly lower than that of controls (10.0±2.0 mg/dl). The median level of GPIHBP1 in MA patients was (878.2 pg/ml) which was higher than that of NA group (1014.05pg/ml) and controls (1189.5 pg/ml) with significant differences. In the context of discrimination between MA and healthy control, the area under the curve (AUC) for SDH and fructose was 0.904, 95%CI= 0.853-0.954, p <0.00 and 0.931, 95%CI= 0.886-0.976, p <0.001, respectively, while in the context of discrimination between NA and healthy controls, it was 0.841, 95%CI= 0.767-0.915, p <0.001, and 0.903, 95%CI= 0.848-0.958, p <0.001, respectively. For GPIHBP1, the AUC in the context of discrimination between MA and healthy controls 0.846, 95%CI= 0.776-0.916, p <0.001; between MA and NA controls 0.773, 95%CI= 0.688-0.857, p <0.001, and between NA and healthy controls 0.762, 95%CI= 0.616-0.837, p <0.001. Diabetic nephropathy (whether normo- or microalbuminuria) is associated with elevated serum levels of TG and vLDL compared with healthy subjects. Serum level of GPIHBP1 is not only decreased in patients with DN, but also inversely associated with the severity of the disease, and can differentiate between normo- and microalbuminuria with a good sensitivity and specificity.
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Prevalence of breast cancer by core needle biopsy at Al Elwiya Maternity Teaching Hospital
Journal ID : AMJ-17-06-2022-10251; Author : KHANSAA HUSSEIN ALI, BASMA MOHAMMED ALI IBRAHIM, NAJIM ABID ISSA,
Abstract : Breast cancer (CA breast) is most common cancer in women globally. It accounts for 23 percent of cancer cases worldwide. To evaluate demographics and incidence of breast cancer in Iraqi women undergoing obstetric care at Al-Elwiya Maternity Teaching Hospital. A prospective observational research done in Breast clinic at Al-Elwiya Maternity Teaching Hospital between January 1, 2021 and January 1, 2022. Patients were women who came with a breast mass for whom a core needle biopsy revealed breast cancer. Exclusion criteria were benign breast tumors. Study extended over one-year period with total cases presented to breast clinic 3433 case, 67 cases had malignant breast cancer rate 1.95% in 2021. Mean age was 47.7±10.34 years ranged (24-75) years. Twelve cases (17.9%) were asymptomatic and diagnosed in screening visit, while 38.8% of cases had history of more than 1 year of breast complain before diagnosis. In regard to imaging, 83.3% presented with BIRAD 4 according to ultrasound, while depending on mammography 65.1% were BIRAD 4. With an expected 2.3 million new cases in 2020, accounting for 11.7% of all cancer cases, female breast cancer has now overtaken lung cancer worldwide. With 685,000 fatalities, it is sixth largest cause of cancer mortality globally. Incidence of breast cancer is increasing. Predominant breast cancer presentation in baghdad was mass. Our screening program should be made more exhaustive. Medical education regarding value of early breast cancer screening for women aged 45 to 55 (most prevalent age of presentation).
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